[Information] Conflits dans la Mer de Chine Méridionale

ils sont peut être à la recherche de la flotte de l'amiral Zheng He , et de ses "" bateaux précieux ou bateaux tresor ""

valdechalvagne a écrit:

ils sont peut être à la recherche de la flotte de l'amiral  Zheng He , et de ses "" bateaux précieux ou bateaux tresor ""

Pas impossible, en effet…

La frégate 546 Yancheng de Type 054A poursuit (ou croisse simplement) le LCS-3 USS Fort Worth dans la mer de Chine méridionale.

Citation :

SOUTH CHINA SEA (May 11, 2015) The littoral combat ship USS Fort Worth (LCS 3) conducts routine patrols in international waters of the South China Sea near the Spratly Islands as the People's Liberation Army-Navy [PLA(N)] guided-missile frigate Yancheng (FFG 546) sails close behind.

https://www.facebook.com/USPacificFleet

https://www.flickr.com/photos/compacflt/17537142455/in/photostream/

https://www.flickr.com/photos/compacflt/17357056108/in/photostream/

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Henri K.

China challenges US plane during Balikatan war games

Citation :

China's harassment of planes over the West Philippine Sea prompts concerns it is planning to declare and protect its air defense zone over the disputed area

Updated 11:29 AM, May 10, 2015

What exactly is China up to?

A Chinese naval vessel on April 19 ordered a Fokker plane of the Philippine Air Force that was conducting maritime patrols to stay away from Subi (Zamora) Reef, another area in the disputed West Philippine Sea (South China Sea) where they have started reclamation activities.

The incident happened at a time when hundreds of US troops were in Palawan for the pre-Balikatan activities. The annual war games between the two militaries formally opened on April 20.

The Filipino officers were talking about the incident in Subi Reef when their American counterparts revealed that they had a similar experience while flying over a Chinese-occupied area.

"That happened to us, too," a Philippine military officer quoted an American participant as saying, in the Balikatan 2015 war games in April.

International air space

Two Filipino officers said they were told that it was the P-8 maritime patrol aircraft that was involved.

The radio message from the Chinese naval vessel was the same: "Foreign airplane you are approaching my military security area. Please go away quickly in order to avoid misjudgment. Foreign airplane you are approaching my area. Please go away quickly to avoid wrong judgment."

The Filipino officer said the American plane replied that it is flying on international air space.

As of May 7, the Palawan-based Western Command (Wescom) has recorded at least 6 incidents of air patrol harassment in the West Philippine Sea.

Air defense zone over West PH Sea?

Incidents between China and the Philippines in the West Philippine Sea were previously limited to sea vessels. This is the first time that planes are also being challenged, prompting concerns that China might be planning to declare an Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) over the area.

"Ito ay cause for concern sapagka't parang pina-practice ng China na mayroon nang ADIZ although wala pang formal declaration," Defense Secretary Voltaire Gazmin recently told reporters. (This is cause for concern because it's like China is practicing for an ADIZ although it has made no formal declaration.)

China's attempt to impose an air defense zone near Japan and South Korea raised tensions last year. (READ: Japan, South Korea defy Chinese air zone)

There have been a number of recorded air and sea incidents between the US and China in the South China Sea.

In December 2013, a Chinese vessel cut across the bow of an American cruiser – the missile-carrying cruiser Cowpens – sailing in the South China Sea. It was the Cowpens that maneuvered to avoid a collision with the Chinese vessel. (READ: The Diplomat: How the US lost the South China Sea standoff)

In August 2014, the US protested a Chinese fighter jet's mid-air intercept of a US military patrol plane. The Chinese aircraft supposedly came up to 10 meters near the US aircraft. (READ: BBC: US accuses China of reckless mid-air intercept)

The US and China have held several drills to practice the Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea (CUES) to avoid further incidents that will raise tension in the disputed area. – Carmela Fonbuena/Rappler.com

Henri K.

Comme chaque année depuis 1999, la Chine applique la mesure d'interdiction de pêche annuelle dans la mer de Chine méridionale, du 16 Mai au 1er Août inclus. Toutes les activités de pêche dans la zone sont interdites et les bateaux de pêche contraintes de rester aux ports.

Le Vietnam proteste et fait savoir qu'il n'appliquera pas une telle mesure, comme chaque année aussi.



Henri K.

Chinese Military Using Jamming Against U.S. Drones

Citation :

Global Hawk targeted over disputed South China Sea islands

BY: Bill Gertz
May 22, 2015 5:00 am

China tried to electronically jam U.S. drone flights over the South China Sea in a bid to thwart spying on disputed island military construction, U.S. officials said.

Global Hawk long-range surveillance drones were targeted by the jamming in at least one incident near the disputed Spratly Islands, where China is building military facilities on Fiery Cross Reef.

Disclosure of the jamming came as a U.S. Navy P-8 surveillance flight on Wednesday was challenged eight times by the Chinese military to leave the same area.

“This is the Chinese navy … This is the Chinese navy … Please go away … to avoid misunderstanding,” a radio call in English from an installation on Firey Cross said. The warnings were reported by CNN, which had a reporter on the aircraft.

Later Thursday, the Navy released video revealing that the China’s People’s Liberation Army Navy sent several radio warning messages to the crew of the P-8 ordering the jet to leave the area, and to deviate from its flight path near Fiery Cross Reef.

A Navy officer aboard the militarized Boeing 737 aircraft is quoted on the video saying an airstrip under construction on Fiery Cross Reef is “hundreds of meters” long and was built on the reef in the past several months.

It was the first time operations by the P-8, a new surveillance aircraft that is armed with torpedoes, were disclosed by the Navy.

At the Pentagon, spokesman Col. Steve Warren said the United States does not recognize China’s sovereignty claims over the new islands and said P-8 aircraft and Navy ships have not gone within 12 miles of the islands. “That would be the next step,” Warren told reporters. Asked about plans for transiting the close-in areas, Warren said: “We don’t have any announcement to make on next steps. We are going to continue our routine flights.”

Details of the drone interference are classified. A spokesman for the Hawaii-based Pacific Command and Pacific Air Force declined to comment on the jamming.

On the Chinese challenge of the P-8 flight, Pacific Command spokesman Capt. Chris Sims sought to play down the incident.
“There have been a number of times when these PACOM forces have been queried by [People’s Liberation Army] PLA forces, but we have continued on without altering our planned activities,” Sims said.

Regarding South China Sea drone flights, Sims said there were no Chinese aerial intercepts against U.S. unmanned aerial vehicles over the disputed waters that China is claiming as its maritime domain. Sims said he cannot confirm jamming or electronic warfare reports, and would not elaborate in an email.

Pacific Air Forces spokeswoman Rebekah Clark declined to comment on Global Hawk surveillance flights near the Spratlys because of “operational security.”

The high-altitude drones are based at Anderson Air Force Base in Guam on a rotational basis. “From Guam, the Global Hawk supports U.S. intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance priorities, operational plans, and contingency operations through the Pacific Theater,” Clark said.

The RQ-4 Global Hawk is the Air Force’s premier high-altitude, long-range surveillance drone that can fly remotely piloted missions, and missions that are programmed in advance, and can survey 40,000 square miles in a day.

The 47-foot long jet-powered drone has a range of 8,700 miles and can fly up to 60,000 feet in altitude. Its flying time is up to 28 hours.

Last week, David Shear, the assistant defense secretary for Asian and Pacific security affairs, said Global Hawks are deployed in Asia as one element of a buildup of forces near the South China Sea.

“We’re engaged in a long-term effort to bolster our capabilities in the region,” Shear told the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. “Just a few examples of the increases in our capabilities in the region include the deployment of Global Hawks and F-35s. Soon we will be adding to the stock of V-22s in Japan as well.”

Shear said the Pentagon estimates that China will complete construction of an airfield on Fiery Cross Reef by 2017 or 2018.

A Navy littoral combat ship, the USS Fort Worth, earlier this month sailed near the Spratlys on what was dubbed a freedom of navigation mission.

A Navy press release about ship’s operations stated that the Fort Worth dispatched an unmanned Fire Scout helicopter drone and a manned helicopter during the cruise. However, Sims, the Pacific Command spokesman, later said the Navy press release was incorrect and that the drone was not launched. He provided no explanation for the error.
Chinese military writings have discussed using electronic means to disrupt drone surveillance.

A February 2013 technical article in the journal Aerospace Electronic Warfare revealed in detail how China’s military planned to detect and to counter Global Hawk surveillance flights, as well as RQ-170 drone operations. Both are radar-evading stealth surveillance drones.

“The American military has an advanced theater control network but it also has its vulnerabilities,” the article states.

“We can use network warfare to attack and even control America’s network,” the report says. “UAVs and ground stations are normally quite far apart and usually have to depend upon satellite communications. As long as we can disrupt its satellite communications, drones will be unable to carry out missions and will have to return its base.”

The report said Global Hawk drones have seven vulnerabilities, including being open to electronic interference. Jamming “will greatly reduce the effectiveness of Global Hawk,” the article states.

Rick Fisher, a China military affairs analyst, said China could increase pressure on the United States to halt surveillance flights in Asia by first attacking one of the unmanned aircraft flights.

“Though UAVs like the Global Hawk are rather expensive, they are also regarded as more expendable because they are unmanned,” said Fisher, a senior fellow at the International Assessment and Strategy Center.

“But failing to defend these UAVs runs the risk of China viewing them as ‘fair game’ to shoot down whenever they please.”

Beijing also might attempt to capture a Global Hawk by causing one to crash in shallow water, or by attempting to snatch one in flight using a manned aircraft.

The United States should balance its unmanned high-altitude surveillance systems with high-altitude piloted aircraft that are better able to conduct evasive maneuvers and use defensive systems, Fisher said.

China has been building up new islands in the area, using special dredging ships that pump sand from underwater. According to U.S. officials, over the past several years, some 2,000 acres of islands have been reclaimed in the South China Sea.

Now China is building military facilities on the reclaimed land that will be used to exercise military control over what China is calling the Nine-Dash Line covering most of the South China Sea that Beijing claims as its maritime domain.

Those claims are disputed by Vietnam, the Philippines, and other states in the region.

“Last year was the time to start freedom of passage challenges as China was just starting to build its new military bases atop the global strategic economic arteries of the South China Sea,” Fisher said.

“Waiting until this year means that China will sooner have the tactical advantage of being able to put military forces on its new bases to challenge U.S. sorties into this region,” he added. “It is likely that by this fall, the People’s Liberation Army will be able to start placing weapons on these islands—radar plus anti-air and anti-ship missiles first, then PLA Navy J-11B air superiority fighters.”

Once the bases are set up, Fisher said the Chinese will use them to keep U.S. forces out of the region.

“China’s island building is a clear attempt to gain a dominant military position in this region,” Fisher said.

“In response the U.S. should be cooperating with … the Philippines, offering Philippines multiple squadrons of multirole fighters and offering them hundreds of ATACMS short range ballistic missiles able to blast China’s islands if China should attack Philippine assets.”

Fisher said only when U.S. and Philippines forces have the capability to destroy China’s new island bases will there be any chance that Beijing will consider reasonable behavior.

Henri K.

Vidéos du survol d'un P-8A de l'US Navy au dessus des îlots agrandis artificiellement par les Chinois dans la mer de Chine méridionale, qui a eu lieu le 20 Mai 2015. D'après le porte-paroles de l'armée américaine, le P-8A n'a pas pénétré dans les 12 nm des îlots.





Les conversations radio enregistrées à bord de ce P-8A.





Un internaute chinois a retracé la trajectoire de ce P-8A selon les vidéos diffusées. L'appareil est décollé de Manille, aux Philippines.

Spoiler:

Henri K.

Henri K. a écrit:

Vidéos du survol d'un P-8A de l'US Navy au dessus des îlots agrandis artificiellement par les Chinois dans la mer de Chine méridionale, qui a eu lieu le 20 Mai 2015. D'après le porte-paroles de l'armée américaine, le P-8A n'a pas pénétré dans les 12 nm des îlots.[…]

S'il le dit, c'est sûrement vrai…

Citation :

[…]Un internaute chinois a retracé la trajectoire de ce P-8A selon les vidéos diffusées. L'appareil [a] décollé de Manille, aux Philippines.[…]

Il n'y a donc là rien de répréhensible…

Il survole a 12 miles de l'ilot ?
Alors il est pas au dessus
Mais s'il est pas au dessus, pourquoi ont dit qu'il survole ?

Puis le P-8 il fait partie de la Filipinno air force ?
ou alors d'un pays dont la plus proche frontiere est a 5000 km, et donc ont peut se demander ce qu'il fout la ?

il y a plein de possibilité !!

il faisait que passé

il ses trompé de route

il cherche le vol MH 370

il poursuivé un ovni

Les images satellites montrent l'avancé des travaux de remblaiement chinois dans la mer de Chine méridionale.

Cuarteron reef

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Johnson South reef

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Subi reef

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Mischief reef

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Pour mieux situer ces îlots qui sont devenus des îles, je me suis fait une carte pour localiser ceux occupés par les Chinois. Les autres sont pris par le Vietnam, les Philippines, la Malaisie, le Taïwan...etc.

Spoiler:

Henri K.

Bill a écrit:

Il survole à 12 miles de l’îlot ?[…]

Douze milles, plutôt… c'est un peu plus loin (15% de plus)

Citation :

[…] d'un pays dont la plus proche frontière est à 5000 km, et donc on peut se demander ce qu'il fout là ?

C'est autorisé par le Droit de la mer, qui garantit (à tout le monde) la liberté de navigation en haute mer, en dehors des eaux territoriales (12 milles).

DahliaBleue a écrit:

C'est autorisé par le Droit de la mer, qui garantit (à tout le monde) la liberté de navigation en haute mer, en dehors des eaux territoriales (12 milles).

Pour info: Convention non ratifiée par les USA

MoiMoi a écrit:

Citation :

C'est autorisé par le Droit de la mer […]

Pour info: Convention non ratifiée par les USA

Effectivement. Mais ça ne leur interdit pas de la respecter gracieusement.

DahliaBleue a écrit:

MoiMoi a écrit:

Citation :

C'est autorisé par le Droit de la mer […]

Pour info: Convention non ratifiée par les USA

Effectivement. Mais ça ne leur interdit pas de la respecter gracieusement.

bonjour !! une question a se posé !! qu elle convention international les USA ont signés ou n'ont pas signés

DahliaBleue a écrit:

MoiMoi a écrit:

Citation :

C'est autorisé par le Droit de la mer […]

Pour info: Convention non ratifiée par les USA

Effectivement. Mais ça ne leur interdit pas de la respecter gracieusement.

....Je pense que Dalhia a voulu dire "....ça ne leur interdit pas de la respecter quand ça les arrange "..Non ?

vallerustie a écrit:

[…] Je pense que Dahlia a voulu dire "… ça ne leur interdit pas de la respecter quand ça les arrange"… Non ?

Si !

Le Swallow Reef, dans les Spratleys.



Occupé par la Malaisie depuis 1979, la superficie de l'îlot passe de 0,1 km² à 0,35 km² en 30 ans, grâce aux travaux de remblaiement. Une piste de 1100m y est construite. C'est le plus grand îlot dans les Spratleys jusqu'à 2014, mais détrôné en espace de 9 mois par les Chinois avec tous les travaux en cours.

Henri K.

L'avancement des îlots agrandis artificiellement par les Chinois dans les Spratleys est monté dans ces photos.



Même si ce ne sont pas les dernières à jour, mais ça montre une vue globale de l'ampleur.

Henri K.

La Chine annonce officiellement la construction de 2 phares sur le Cuarteron Reef et le Johnson South Reef.



Henri K.

Quand on parle des travaux de remblaiement et de la création des îles artificielles par les Chinois dans les Spratleys, il faut également garder un œil sur ce que font les pays voisins avant et maintenant, pour avoir la vue globale.

Le Southwest Cay, contrôlé par le Vietnam depuis 1955. Images en 2005 et 2015.

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L'Itu Aba Island, contrôlé par le Taïwan depuis 1952. L'armée française avait occupé cette île entre 1933 et 1939.

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Le Swallow Reef, contrôle par la Malaisie depuis 1979.

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Le Sandy Cay, contrôlé par le Vietnam depuis 1974. Images entre 2012 et 2015.

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Le Sin Cowe Island, contrôlé par le Vietnam depuis 1973. Images en 2006 et 2015.

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Le West London Reef, contrôlé par le Vietnam. Image en Novembre 2014.

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Henri K.

Henri K. a écrit:

Quand on parle des travaux de remblaiement et de la création des îles artificielles par les Chinois dans les Spratleys, il faut également garder un œil sur ce que font les pays voisins avant et maintenant, pour avoir la vue globale.[…]

Après tout, en terme de Droit international, il ne doit rien y avoir de répréhensible à combler des "creux" : les Néerlandais ont largement fait usage du concept des Polders… (même si ces derniers sont principalement situés à l'intérieur de leur espace territorial…)

L'article 60 de l'UNCLOS est très clair -

Citation :

Article60

Artificial islands, installations and structures

in the exclusive economic zone

1. In the exclusive economic zone, the coastal State shall have the exclusive right to construct and to authorize and regulate the construction, operation and use of:

(a) artificial islands;

(b) installations and structures for the purposes provided for in article 56 and other economic purposes;

(c) installations and structures which may interfere with the exercise of the rights of the coastal State in the zone.

2. The coastal State shall have exclusive jurisdiction over such artificial islands, installations and structures, including jurisdiction with regard to customs, fiscal, health, safety and immigration laws and regulations.

3. Due notice must be given of the construction of such artificial islands, installations or structures, and permanent means for giving warning of their presence must be maintained. Any installations or structures which are abandoned or disused shall be removed to ensure safety of navigation, taking into account any generally accepted international standards established in this regard by the competent international organization. Such removal shall also have due regard to fishing, the protection of the marine environment and the rights and duties of other States. Appropriate publicity shall be given to the depth, position and dimensions of any installations or structures not entirely removed.

4. The coastal State may, where necessary, establish reasonable safety zones around such artificial islands, installations and structures in which it may take appropriate measures to ensure the safety both of navigation and of the artificial islands, installations and structures.

5. The breadth of the safety zones shall be determined by the coastal State, taking into account applicable international standards. Such zones shall be designed to ensure that they are reasonably related to the nature and function of the artificial islands, installations or structures, and shall not exceed a distance of 500 metres around them, measured from each point of their outer edge, except as authorized by generally accepted international standards or as recommended by the competent international organization. Due notice shall be given of the extent of safety zones.

6. All ships must respect these safety zones and shall comply with generally accepted international standards regarding navigation in the vicinity of artificial islands, installations, structures and safety zones.

7. Artificial islands, installations and structures and the safety zones around them may not be established where interference may be caused to the use of recognized sea lanes essential to international navigation.

8. Artificial islands, installations and structures do not possess the status of islands. They have no territorial sea of their own, and their presence does not affect the delimitation of the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone or the continental shelf.

Henri K.

Henri K. a écrit:

L'article 60 de l'UNCLOS est très clair -[…]

Dont acte !

Le Ministre adjoint russe de la défense Anatoly Antonov annonce à l'IISS Shangri-La, qui se déroule actuellement au Singapour, que le prochain exercice naval conjoint sino-russe aura lieu dans la mer de Chine méridionale en 2016.

Les 2 pays viennent de terminer un exercice naval conjoint dans la mer Méditerranée.

Russia will take part in multinational navy drills in disputed South China Sea

Citation :

Published time: May 30, 2015 20:27

Russia will take part in naval military exercises together with its Asia Pacific allies, according to Russian Deputy Defense Minister Anatoly Antonov.

Speaking on Saturday in Singapore, Antonov announced Russia's planned participation in the May 2016 drills which have a focus on counter-terrorism and naval security.

Antonov also said he was concerned about stability in the region, naming the US as the main destabilizing factor. He said that Washington's policies have been aimed against Russia and China: "We are concerned by US policies in the region, especially since every day it becomes increasingly focused on a systemic containment of Russia and China."

"Despite our concerns about the US global missile defense architecture, they continue a policy of disrupting strategic stability, adding a regional segment of an anti-missile 'shield' in the Asia-Pacific," he added.

He also blamed the US for interfering with the affairs of other countries and said Russia is worried by the trend: “An epidemic of 'color revolutions' swept the Middle East and, like a hurricane, wiped out several states in the region. This disease went across several European countries, where events are freely controlled from the outside.”

The May 2016 exercises will take place in the South China Sea, where Japan and several other Asian countries, along with the US, have been pressuring China to stop the construction of artificial islands in disputed waters. Beijing claims most of the sea's area as its own, saying it is historically Chinese. The Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Taiwan and Brunei also say parts of the area belong to them.

Henri K.